好氧MBR与序批式MBR处理生活污水的比较

比较了中试规模的好氧式膜生物反应器及序批式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的效果。结果表明，两者对COD及氨氮的去除效果相当，且都具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力；在总氮去除上，序批式膜生物反应器优于好氧式膜生物反应器；在稳定运行阶段，当好氧式膜生物反应器及序批式膜生物反应器处理同等水量时，过膜阻力增加率分别为1．68和1．03kPa／m。通过测定膜丝上多糖的含量分析了两者在膜污染速率上存在差异的原因，发现序批式膜生物反应器膜丝上的多糖含量要少于好氧式膜生物反应器。     

Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor

In a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) granules were cultured under aerobic conditions. To enhance the growth of granular sludge the SBR was operated with very short sedimentation and draw phases resulting in the washout of slow settling biomass. Fast settling granules were retained in the reactor and thus had an advantage over flocs with a slower settling velocity. After 40 days of operation granules were the dominant form of microbial aggregates in the reactor, even though some pin-point flocs remained in the system. Granules taken from the reactor were stored for weeks without disintegrating. After about 130 days of operation the granule quality and COD-removal worsened. The reasons for that are yet to be investigated.     

小氮肥企业高氨氮废水处理的试验研究

针对小氮肥厂生产废水的排放现状及其对城市污水处理厂的影响 ,在试验的基础上提出了处理高含氨氮废水的空气吹脱—好氧硝化处理工艺 .空气吹脱可有效地去除解吸液中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 1869.3mg/L降至 40 8.3mg/L ,去除率为 78% ;好氧生物硝化可有效地去除混合生产废水中的氨氮 ,氨氮浓度由 2 41mg/L降低为 2 3 .2mg/L ,去除率达 90 % ,达到国家二级排放标准     

扩展流好氧滤池的复合脱氮特性

为实现高效低耗脱氮,对扩展流好氧滤池的除碳、脱氮特性进行了研究,结果表明滤层内存在复合脱氮过程,相应的系统环境条件:DO为 1. 5~2. 5mg/L、运行周期为 10d左右、滤层内COD≤25mg/L、生物膜结构稳定,此时脱氮过程以异养反硝化和厌氧氨氧化为主,且两种作用在竞争中达到平衡。     

好氧颗粒污泥中细菌藻酸盐的提取和鉴定

使用Na2CO3将好氧颗粒污泥由凝胶颗粒转化为溶胶,并从中提取出占颗粒污泥干质量约(35.1±1.9)%的细菌藻酸盐,确定了好氧颗粒污泥中单一细菌胞外多糖组分--细菌藻酸盐的提取方法,使好氧颗粒污泥细菌胞外多糖的研究深入到单一多糖组分的层次.好氧颗粒污泥中细菌藻酸盐的发现,不仅证明了贫营养条件是好氧颗粒污泥形成的必要条件,为好氧颗粒污泥中细菌胞外多糖的深入研究奠定了基础,而且也表明了好氧颗粒污泥在农业、化学和医药等领域中潜在的应用前景.     

Sulfolane biodegradation potential in aquifer sediments at sour natural gas plant sites

Sulfolane is used in the treatment of sour natural gas. It is a highly water soluble compound that has been introduced into soils and groundwaters at a number of sour gas processing plant sites. Aquifer sediments from contaminated locations at three sites in western Canada were assessed for microbial activity and their ability to degrade sulfolane under aerobic and five anaerobic (nitrate-, Mn(IV)-, Fe(III)-, sulfate- and CO₂-reducing) conditions. The microcosms were supplemented with 200 mg/L sulfolane and adequate supplies of N, P, and the appropriate terminal electron acceptor. Microcosms containing contaminated aquifer sediments from each of the three sites were able to degrade sulfolane aerobically at 8°C and 28°C, and the biodegradation followed zero-order kinetics. The lag times before the onset of sulfolane biodegradation were shorter when sulfolane-contaminated sediments were used as inocula than when uncontaminated soils were used. No anaerobic sulfolane biodegradation was observed at 28°C, nor was sulfolane biodegradation observed at 8°C under Fe(III)-, sulfate- and CO₂-reducing conditions. At 8°C, anaerobic degradation of sulfolane coupled to Mn(IV) reduction was observed in microcosms from two sites, and degradation coupled to nitrate reduction was seen in a microcosm from one of the contaminated sites.     

短好氧泥龄下A2/O和BAF联合工艺的脱氮除磷特性

采用小试装置,研究了短好氧污泥龄下A2/O和BAF联合工艺处理低C/N和C/P污水时的脱氮除磷特性.结果表明,通过提高A2/O工艺段的厌氧区有机负荷和缺氧区硝酸盐负荷对反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）进行选择和强化后,其在聚磷菌（PAOs）中的比例维持在28%左右,工艺具有部分反硝化除磷能力,能够减少脱氮除磷过程中对碳源的总需求量.但在联合工艺中,好氧除磷仍是主要的除磷方式.在A2/O工艺段内,好氧污泥龄在满足好氧PAOs存活的同时,还必须满足抑制硝化细菌生长的要求,且为了保证工艺对磷的整体去除效果,混合液在好氧区的接触时间须大于30 min.此外,以保证缺氧区出水中含有1～4 mg/L的硝态氮为原则来控制BAF出水的回流量,可达到较好的脱氮除磷效果.该联合工艺结合了活性污泥工艺和生物膜工艺的优点,运行稳定,出水水质优良,不仅适合于新建污水处理厂,也特别适合于不能脱氮除磷污水处理厂的技术改造.     

生物脱氮过程中氮化物的非常规转化

概述了生物脱氮过程中氮化物之间的非常规转化过程,并进一步讨论了与污水处理工艺有关的一些转化之间的相关性及转化规律。     

A compact photomicroreactor design for kinetic studies of gas‐liquid photocatalytic transformations

A compact photomicroreactor assembly consisting of a capillary microreactor and small‐scale light emitting diodes was developed for the study of reaction kinetics in the gas‐liquid photocatalytic oxidation of thiophenol to phenyl disulfide within Taylor flow. The importance of photons was convincingly shown by a suction phenomenon due to the fast consumption of oxygen. Mass transfer limitations were evaluated and an operational zone without mass transfer effects was chosen to study reaction kinetics. Effects of photocatalyst loading and light sources on the reaction performance were investigated. Reaction kinetic analysis was performed to obtain reaction orders with respect to both thiophenol and oxygen based on heterogeneous and homogeneous experimental results, respectively. The Hatta number further indicated elimination of mass transfer limitations. Reaction rate constants at different photocatalyst loadings and different photon flux were calculated. Furthermore, the advantages of this photomicroreactor assembly for studying gas‐liquid photocatalytic reaction kinetics were demonstrated as compared with batch reactors. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2215–2227, 2015